Even though the number of children falling ill during the Coronavirus pandemic has been less compared to the youth and the elderly, we can't say for certain that children will be safe in the future. While we haven't seen critical cases in children so far, some kids can get very sick and have complications.
Experts say that the children are at a greater risk, since they have not been vaccinated.
Simultaneously, we will have to ensure safety measures are taken at schools, so that exams and other activities for children can be resumed. This depends heavily on the usage of masks, social distancing, healthy hygiene and vaccination.
When will the vaccine be available for children? In which countries are vaccines available for children so far? What is the update regarding the trial of COVID vaccine for children? Here are the details.
Pfizer Vaccine Available For Children Aged 12-15 in Canada and US
Pfizer-BioNtech vaccine becomes the first COVID vaccine in the world that has been approved for use in Canada and the US for children in the age group of 12-15. However, Canada was the first country to approve the vaccine for children between the age group of 12-15. Until then the vaccine was administered to those above the age of 16.
Later, the US also granted permission for the vaccine. On May 10, regulators gave clearance to the Pfizer vaccine for emergency use for children in the age group of 12-15.
In a press release issued by the company on 31 March , it was reported that Pfizer's vaccine was found to be 100 percent effective in a Phase 3 study involving 2,260 people in the age group of 12 -15.
The trial found 18 cases of coronavirus in the placebo group (1,129) and no case of infection in the vaccine group (1,131).
Pfizer and BioNTech dosed the first healthy children in a global Phase 1/2/3 seamless study to further evaluate the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in children 6 months to 11 years of age.
Moderna Says Its Vaccine Is Effective and Safe For Children
US firm Moderna has released results of its second and third stage trial results for children. As per statement released on May 25, the Moderna vaccine is 100 percent safe and effective for children aged between 12-18. 3,732 children participated in the trial.
Of the children who got both doses of the vaccine, there was not a single case of COVID, whereas 4 cases of COVID were reported in the placebo group.
After encouraging results, Moderna has said that it'll apply to the USFDA and other regulatory bodies across the world for approval in June.
If Moderna gets a green light, it'll be the second vaccine for teenagers in the US.
What About COVID Vaccine for Children in India?
As of now, only those above the age of 18 can get Covid vaccine in India. However, Bharat Biotech - that manufacturers of Covaxin - has been given permission by the Drug Controller General of India (DGCI) to initiate a trial for vaccine for children.
According to reports, Bharat Biotech has divided this trial for children into three age groups - 12-18, 6-12 and 6 months to 6-year-olds.
According to the officials at Bharat Biotech, the trials for age group 12-18 will start as early as June 2021.
Delhi Deputy Chief Minister Manish Sisodia has suggested that before conducting the Class 12 board exams, Centre should purchase vaccine for children above the age of 12. If the vaccines that are eligible for 18-year-olds can be given to 17.5 year olds after consultation with health experts, then the existing vaccines should be immediately given to class 12 children.
On May 27, the NITI Aayog said that the trials on children will begin in India soon. The vaccination for children will be decided only after sufficient data is available based on the trial.
AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson Are Also Conducting Trials on Children
In addition to Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, Johnson & Johnson has begun conducting trials for those aged 12-18 years.
Like Pfizer, Moderna is also conducting vaccine trails on children aged between 6 months and 11 years.
In the UK, Oxford-AstraZeneca is conducting a vaccine trial on 300 children, in which researchers will see if the vaccine produces an immune response on children aged 6–17 years.
Why Does the Vaccine Need To Be Tested on Children?
Although there isn’t much difference between a teen and a young adult, different vaccine doses are sometimes needed to achieve a similar safety profile and immune response in children, like in adults.
This is especially true in the case of toddlers and infants whose immune systems haven’t fully developed yet.
The tests are also important to make sure the vaccine is as safe in babies and teens as it is in adults.
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